You can use a stand mixer with a paddle attachment or a food processor to prepare it.
In a bowl, mix the flour and salt, then add the butter, cut into small cubes.
Sand the whole thing with your fingertips to obtain a sandy texture like couscous.
Dilute the egg yolk in the water, then pour this mixture over the sandy dough. Always stir with your fingers to bring the ingredients together and form a dough. Avoid kneading to prevent activating the gluten. This will give you an elastic dough that's difficult to roll out and will collapse during baking.
Pour the dough onto the work surface, then perform fraisage (It's a French technique also called "frasage") by using the palm of your hand against the work surface. The purpose of this gesture is to achieve a pastry that is both crumbly and homogeneous, without making it elastic.
To do this, push the dough in front of you, press it gently with the heel of your hand, pull it back, and then repeat the motion by pushing it forward again..
Do this 2 or 3 times, then gather the dough into a ball. Flatten the dough ball slightly. Cover in cling film and refrigerate for at least 1-2 hours before use.
Once out of the fridge, the dough will be quite hard. Be careful, as the dough should be firm while remaining pliable, without becoming brittle due to the cold.. let it to come to room temperature before handling.
cover a preferably perforated baking sheet with parchment paper and place the buttered tart ring on top of it.
Roll out the shortcrust pastry on a lightly floured work surface or between two sheets of baking paper. Spread to a thickness of 3 mm (0.11 in )
If the dough becomes sticky, refrigerate for a few minutes to firm up.
Line the dough of the tart in the circle and roll around the edges to remove any excess.
Press the pastry well into the bottom of the circle and around the edges. Flatten the dough to a neat edge.
Prick the bottom with a fork to prevent it from puffing up during baking.
put the circle in the freezer for 30 minutes, but this is not essential.